War, oppression and fear: In Iran, traumas are accumulating
War, Oppression, and Fear: Iran’s Accumulating Traumas
Iranians are grappling with a growing burden of trauma, fueled by ongoing conflict, government repression, and pervasive anxiety. The psychological toll of this environment is becoming increasingly evident, as prolonged stress begins to reshape daily life and mental well-being. Recent tensions have seen attacks from Israel and the U.S. intensify, targeting cities across Iran. Just before hostilities escalated, citizens had taken to the streets, challenging the theocratic leadership. The Islamic Republic responded with swift and severe force, suppressing dissent and claiming countless lives in the process.
The Psychological Toll of Constant Stress
Under the regime’s strict rule, personal freedoms are curtailed. Women face rigid guidelines on public attire, with minor breaches often leading to harsh consequences. Economic hardship compounds these pressures, as sanctions strain resources and create uncertainty. Psychologist Dana Churbaji of Germany’s University of Münster explains that chronic exposure to violence elevates the risk of mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression.
“A shift in perception occurs where individuals question the safety of the world and their own sense of security,” Churbaji said. “When basic needs like warmth, food, or communication are unmet, even small disagreements can spiral into conflict. This undermines social bonds, which are crucial for resilience.”
Those with strong support networks are better equipped to withstand trauma, according to Churbaji. Without such connections, the likelihood of developing PTSD rises. In acute crises, people often prioritize survival, masking symptoms. However, after escaping danger, the brain confronts memories, leading to the emergence of PTSD signs that hinder recovery.
Chronic Trauma vs. Single Events
Psychological impact varies depending on the nature of trauma. A single incident, such as an assault, may not cause lasting damage, but continuous exposure to war and political persecution does. Clinical psychologist Rita Rosner of the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt notes that Iran’s long-standing repression has created a persistent state of alert.
“Long-term stress can be more exhausting than a one-time traumatic event,” Rosner told DW. “With each new crisis, anxiety and depression become more entrenched, making recovery harder.”
Churbaji highlights how traumatic experiences cluster, intensifying mental health struggles. Symptoms such as avoidance, flashbacks, and distrust become common. In environments where open discussion of mental health is discouraged, stress often manifests physically, causing headaches, fatigue, and other ailments. The video below provides further insight into this complex situation.
