New light shed on who benefits most from weight-loss jabs
New light shed on who benefits most from weight-loss jabs
Recent research published in the Nature journal indicates that individuals with specific genetic differences related to hunger and digestion may achieve greater weight reduction when using medications like Wegovy and Mounjaro. These drugs function by mimicking a natural gut hormone, suppressing appetite and creating a sense of satiety. However, the extent of weight loss varies significantly, with some patients experiencing dramatic results while others see minimal impact.
Genetic factors influence drug efficacy and side effects
A study analyzing data from 15,000 participants who had undergone gene testing through 23andMe revealed a connection between certain genetic variants and the effectiveness of weight-loss treatments. Those carrying two copies of a particular gene variant were found to lose approximately double the weight compared to individuals with just one copy. The same variant was also linked to increased instances of nausea, with a notable portion of users reporting severe side effects.
“The study identified a genetic variant associated with weight loss, which also correlated with nausea. People with this variant tend to lose more weight,” said Professor Ruth Loos of the University of Copenhagen.
Statistical data from the UK suggests that over 1.6 million individuals have used weight-loss drugs in the past year, a figure projected to grow. While most are purchased through private online pharmacies, the NHS provides these medications to a smaller group with obesity and associated health conditions. Weight loss percentages ranged from negligible to substantial, with some patients shedding up to 30% of their body weight.
Demographics and treatment variables matter
Dr. Marie Spreckley of the University of Cambridge emphasized that genetics is just one element in a broader context of factors affecting outcomes. These include lifestyle behaviors, clinical conditions, and treatment specifics such as dosage and duration. Previous studies hint that women may be more than twice as likely as men to lose 15% of their body weight on Mounjaro, though the exact reasons remain unclear.
Additionally, demographic traits like age, ethnicity, and race are thought to influence weight loss success. For example, European populations show a higher prevalence of the gene variant, with 64% carrying one copy and 16% having two. In contrast, only 7% of African Americans carry a copy. The research also suggests that the type of medication and its administration can affect results.
Precision medicine on the horizon
Professor Naveed Sattar from the University of Glasgow noted that while the genetic impact is modest, it “is similar to other factors—and not trivial.” If validated by further studies, combining genetic data with clinical insights could enable personalized treatment plans, a concept known as precision medicine. Yet, such applications are not yet widespread.
“Overall, these findings are scientifically interesting, but they are a long way from changing clinical practice,” Sattar said. “What we really need now is more robust trial data to better define the balance of benefits and harms with these and many other emerging therapies.”
The study highlights the complexity of weight-loss drug responses, as both genetic and non-genetic elements contribute to varying outcomes. While the research offers promising insights, experts caution that more evidence is required before these findings can shape real-world medical decisions.
